OUR E-MAGAZINE #20 VIDEO

  

OUR E-MAGAZINE #20

 

{ΤΗESSALONIKI[SKG]}ΘΕΣΣΑΛΟΝΙΚΗ

 By Michael Tripolitsiotis C5

The metropolis of Thessaloniki has a population of over a million and is the biggest city in the northern part of Greece. It is built by Thermaïkos and Strymonikos Gulf, on fertile grounds resting beside the Rivers of Axios, Gallikos and Loudias, as well as the lakes Koroneia and Volvi.

Findings prove that Thessaloniki has been inhabited since prehistoric times, marked by multiculturalism, yet its present day modernised state is charmingly intertwined with archaeological sites, byzantine churches and other significant monuments from the past.

Thessaloniki is a busy, bustling city at all times of the day but especially at night when it becomes brighter and colourful.

Travel Guides

Walking around is a great way to explore any city, whether you are familiar with it or not, so why would Thessaloniki differ?  Start walking, just for the sake of it, while enjoying the journey. Explore the city’s landmark, the White Tower, located on the seaside promenade. Within the tower runs a museum showcasing Thessaloniki’s history from its foundation up to 1922 as well as a charming collection concerning the city’s glorious Byzantine past. The fortified cylindrical structure (33.9m height and 22.7m diameter) was built in the 15th century during the reign of Süleyman the Magnificent and was later used during the Ottoman rule as a place of execution, which was called Canli Casteli meaning “tower of blood”. The origin of its current name dates to the 19th c.

At a short distance from the Tower you can visit the Vassiliko Theatre, built in 1940, which is home to the National Theatre of Northern Greece NTNG. The three storey, recently renovated 11,000m2 building, accommodates numerous playhouses.

Head to Aristotelous, the most significant and popular square in town overlooking the Thermaic Gulf, from where you can even see Mt. Olympus when the weather is clear. Enjoy the view of stately buildings, which were built following the large fire of 1917, by Ernest Hébrard (commissioned by El. Venizelos the Greek Prime Minister) along with other Greek and foreign architects. Walk along the coast, next to Nikis Boulevard, which extends from the city port on the west to the statue of Alexander the Great on east, where you’ll come across a number of cozy cafes, bars and shops.

Stop by the Palace complex of Galerius and see the Octagon building intended to be a throne hall with its impressive mosaics, the Rotonda (containing Early Christian mosaics) and Galerius Arch (aka Kamara) built in ca. 305 A. D.

Visit the Ancient Agora (dating 3rd c. B.C. to the 5th c. A.D.) where you will see the ruins of the  market, a mint, a conservatory, the (most probably) City Archives room, public bath facilities, taverna, brothel, as well as other finds. An ancient temple and early Christian tombs ( 4th-7th c.) were revealed after excavations under Γ’ Septemvriou St.

Get to know another aspect of the city’s history by stopping at the Byzantine Baths, near Koule Kafe square. It is a rare sample of Byzantine Baths dating back to the end of the 13th century.

Make a point of visiting the Ishak Pasha Tzami Mosque (1484), near Kassandrou St. and the Hamza Bey Tzami Mosque (aka Alkazar) (1467), located among Egnatia and Venizelou streets, which was destroyed by an earthquake and rebuilt in 1620. Stop by Bey Hamam (1444), on Egnatia Odos St., Pasha Hamam (1520), Pazar and Yeni Hamam.

Moreover, the city of Thessaloniki is a renowned shopping destination; the main shopping streets are Tsimiski, Ermou, Egnatia, Mitropoleos and the environs. Make sure to pass by the old fashioned food markets of Modiano and Kapani (built in 1922). Enjoy your day out among the shops housed in the market’s arcades or sit and relax in one of the charming cafes and traditional eateries (mezedopolio)!

Another fascinating market to explore is the 15th c. Bezesteni Textile Market (Venizelou and Solomou St.) where you’ll find a sheer variety of fabrics in all colors and designs.

Jaunt around Thessaloniki’s port where the customs and warehouse buildings (built in 1910) are home to the Photography and Cinema Museums but are also used as venues for the International Film Festival.

Last but not least, don’t miss the nearby Ladadika neighbourhood, the best place to soak up the vibrant nightlife scene in Thessaloniki near Aristotelous square. This is where you’ll enjoy the night out in restaurants and nightclubs in old restored buildings that were saved by the 1917 fires.

More things to see:

·         the Y.M.C.A.’s stately building (greek abbreviation  Χ.Α.Ν.Θ.),

·         the OTE tower from where you can enjoy a birds eye view of the city,

·     the Holocaust memorial on Eleftherias Square, dedicated to the Greek Jews who were executed by the Nazis (1942),

 the large number of churches and museums of the city will make your trip to Thessaloniki unforgettable!

Thessaloniki's gastronomy

Α culinary paradise!

Thessaloniki’s cuisine is widely known for its quality and variety. As the formation of the overall culture of the city came under many influences, Thessaloniki’s cuisine is one of the richest in Greece. Traditional recipes as well as modern trends have created a wide range of choices.

Professionals in Thessaloniki are renowned for their courtesy and hospitality. Whether one chooses a restaurant with many stars or a traditional little taverna, or whether one wants a snack whilst enjoying a walk, they are sure to be completely satisfied. Tavernas, both large and small, whether in the city centre or in the surrounding districts, offer incomparable delights. Traditional, authentic flavours from Pontus, Asia Minor, Constantinople, excite the senses. Arab and Armenian corners enhance the culinary map with unusual tastes.

The city’s many restaurants create original tastes against the canvas of Mediterranean cuisine. Excellent fish and seafood dishes are accompanied by the strongly-flavoured Macedonian wines. Succulent salads and imaginative desserts complete a perfect meal.

The small shops selling pies, the famous Thessaloniki cream-filled bougatsas, are very popular. Nobody can resist these sweet and savoury provocations. The famous Trigona Panoramatos, custard cream filled pastries, have become Thessaloniki’s trademark. Special reference must be made to tripe and the restaurants that cleverly prepare it. A healthful dish, it helps to moderate the effects of staying up all night. So every night, and particularly at weekends, tripe-lovers finish up at one of the specialized restaurants. It is a ritualistic habit into which the people of Thessaloniki love to initiate travellers.

Corners full of tastes and aromas

One does not need to strive to find a good taverna or restaurant in Thessaloniki. Throughout the city there are plenty of areas well known as hubs of taste and recreation. Let us introduce you to two of those:


Modiano market – the Paris of Thessaloniki
The market takes its name from the inspired architect Eli Modiano. It was built in 1922, with obvious architectural references to the corresponding covered markets in Paris. It lies within the block bordered by Aristotelous, Ermou, Komninon and Vasileos Irakleiou Streets. It is a complex of five arcades with a pedimented facade and a glass roof. It houses small shops selling mainly food, as well as ouzeries offering countless tastes.

There is probably no description that can portray the colour, the stunned feeling that time has stopped dead and the quaintness of this ‘world’ that is the Modiano market. It must be noted that whilst it is a working market where one can find fish, meat, fresh vegetables and fruit, spices and herbs, it is included in tourist guides as one of Thessaloniki’s sights. This is the heart of the old city which though is still beating strongly.


Ladadika – eternal Thessaloniki
The Ladadika quarter was one of the most important commercial districts in Thessaloniki. For many decades the quarter housed food stores mainly selling wholesale goods. The area was unharmed by the famous fire of 1917. It resembles a small state within the city with a Byzantine stamp. Small, cobbled alleys, mysterious dead-end streets and charming facades make up one of the most picturesque neighbourhoods in the city.

The area was restored at the end of the 1970s. The old shops were turned into tavernas, restaurants and bars. Every night the quarter is inundated with people who love good food and the feel of old Thessaloniki.

FUN FACT

King Philip II of Macedonia , to celebrate his daughter's birthday, which coincided with the victory of his troops in 353 BC, between the Macedonian army and the Thessalian Alliance at the important battle of Crocius Field in Thessaly against the Phocians , he is said to have named his newborn daughter "Thessalonica" , from Thessalon + Niki.

BOB MARLEY-WHO IS HE?

 By Elena Bisbiroula C'3

Robert Nesta Marley OM (6 February 1945 – 11 May 1981) was a Jamaican reggae singer, guitarist, and songwriter. Considered one of the pioneers of the genre, Marley fused elements of reggae, ska, and rocksteady in his music and was renowned for his distinctive vocal and songwriting style.Marley's contribution to music increased the visibility of Jamaican music worldwide and made him a global figure in popular culture.Over the course of his career, Marley became known as a Rastafarian icon, and he infused his music with a sense of spirituality.He is also considered a global symbol of Jamaican music and culture and identity, and was controversial in his outspoken support for democratic social reforms.He also supported legalisation of cannabis, and advocated for Pan-Africanism. In 1976, Marley survived an assassination attempt in his home, which was thought to be politically motivated. In July 1977, Marley was diagnosed with a type of malignant melanoma under the nail of his right big toe. Contrary to urban legend, this lesion was not primarily caused by an injury during a football match that year, but was instead a symptom of already-existing cancer.He had to see two doctors before a biopsy was done, which confirmed acral lentiginous melanoma. Unlike other melanomas, which usually appear on skin exposed to the sun, acral lentiginous melanoma occurs in places that are easy to miss, such as the soles of the feet, or under toenails. Although it is the most common melanoma in people with dark skin, it is not widely recognised and was not mentioned in the most popular medical textbook of the time. 

Despite his illness, he continued touring and was in the process of scheduling a 1980 world tour. After the tour, Marley went to the United States, where he performed two shows at Madison Square Garden in New York City as part of the Uprising Tour. He collapsed while jogging in Central Park and was taken to the hospital, where it was found that his cancer had spread to his brain, lungs, and liver. Marley's last concert took place two days later at the Stanley Theater. Shortly afterward, Marley's health deteriorated as his cancer had spread throughout his body. The rest of the tour was cancelled, and Marley sought treatment at the clinic of Josef Issels in Rottach-Egern, Bavaria, Germany, where he underwent an alternative cancer treatment called Issels treatment, partly based on avoidance of certain foods, drinks, and other substances. After eight months of failing to effectively treat his advancing cancer, Marley boarded a plane for his home in Jamaica. During the flight, Marley's vital functions worsened. After landing in Miami, Florida, he was taken to Cedars of Lebanon Hospital (later University of Miami Hospital) for immediate medical attention, where he died on 11 May 1981, aged 36, due to the spread of melanoma to his lungs and brain. His final words to his son Ziggy were: "On your way up, take me up. On your way down, don't let me down."

Marley was given a state funeral in Jamaica on 21 May 1981 that combined elements of Ethiopian Orthodoxy and Rastafari tradition.He was buried in a chapel near his birthplace in Nine Mile; his casket contained his red Gibson Les Paul guitar, a Bible opened at Psalm 23, and a stalk of ganja placed there by his widow Rita Marley. Jamaican Prime Minister Edward Seaga delivered the final funeral eulogy to Marley, saying: "His voice was an omnipresent cry in our electronic world. His sharp features, majestic looks, and prancing style a vivid etching on the landscape of our minds. Bob Marley was never seen. He was an experience which left an indelible imprint with each encounter. Such a man cannot be erased from the mind. He is part of the collective consciousness of the nation."

ITALY-Where does the name come from?

 By Elena Bisbiroula C'3

Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern and Western Europe.

Hypotheses for the etymology of the name "Italia" are numerous. One theory suggests it to be originated from Ancient Greek term which refers to the land of the Italói, a triberesided in the region now known as Calabria, located at the southern tip of the Italian peninsula. Originally thought to be named Vituli, some scholars suggest their totemic animal to be the calf (Lat vitulus, Umbrian vitlo, Oscan Víteliú).Several ancient authors (Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Antiochus of Syracuse, Aristotle) have instead given the account that Italy to have been named after a local ruler named Italus.

According to Antiochus of Syracuse, the term Italy, used by the ancient Greeks, initially referred only to the southern portion of the Bruttium peninsula (corresponding to the modern province of Reggio) and parts of the provinces of Catanzaro and Vibo Valentia in southern Italy. Nevertheless, by his time the larger concept of Oenotria and "Italy" had become synonymous, and the name also applied to most of Lucania as well. According to Strabo's Geographica, before the expansion of the Roman Republic, the name was used by ancient Greeks to indicate the land between the strait of Messina and the line connecting the gulf of Salerno and gulf of Taranto, corresponding roughly to the current region of Calabria. The ancient Greeks gradually came to apply the name "Italia" to a larger region.In addition to the "Greek Italy" in the south, historians have suggested the existence of an "Etruscan Italy" covering variable areas of central Italy.  

The borders of Roman Italy, Italia, are better established. Cato's Origines, the first work of history composed in Latin, describes Italy as the entire peninsula as south of the Alps.According to Cato and several Roman authors, the Alps formed the "walls of Italy". In 264 BC, Roman Italy extended from the Arno and Rubicon rivers of the centre-north to the entire south. The northern area of Cisalpine Gaul was occupied by Rome in the 220s BC which was considered geographically and de facto part of Italy,but remained politically and de jure separated. It was legally merged into the administrative unit of Italy in 42 BC by the triumvir Octavian as planned by Julius Caesar.The islands of Sardinia, Corsica, Sicily, and Malta were added to Italy by Diocletian in 292 AD,coinciding the whole Italian geographical region.All its inhabitants were considered Italic and Roman.

The Latin term Italicus was used to describe "a man of Italy" as opposed to a provincial, or one from the Roman province. For example, Pliny the Elder notably wrote in a letter Italicus es an provincialis? meaning "are you an Italian or a provincial?".The adjective italianus, from which the term Italian (and also French and English) was derived, is from medieval Latin and was used alternatively with Italicus during the early modern period.

After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the Kingdom of Italy was created. After the Lombard invasions, Italia was retained as the name for their kingdom, and for its successor kingdom within the Holy Roman Empire, which nominally lasted until 1806, although the de facto disintegrated due to factional politics pitting the empire against the ascendance of city republics in the 13th century.

THE HISTORY OF THE BMW COMPANY

 By Elena Bisbiroula C'3

The Otto Flugmaschinenfabrik was founded in 1910 by Gustav Otto in the Kingdom of Bavaria, which was a state of the German Empire. The firm was reorganized on 7 March 1916 into Bayerische Flugzeugwerke AG. This company was then renamed to Bayerische Motoren Werke (BMW) in 1922. However, the name BMW dates back to 1913, when a company to use the name was founded by Karl Rapp initially as Rapp Motorenwerke. The name and Rapp Motorenwerke's engine-production assets were transferred to Bayerische Flugzeugwerke in 1922, who adopted the name the same year. BMW's first product was produced for fighter aircraft of the Luftstreitkrafte. It was a straight-six aircraft engine called the BMW IIIa, designed in the spring of 1917 by engineer Max Friz. Following the end of World War I, BMW remained in business by producing motorcycle engines, agricultural equipment, household items, and railway brakes. The company produced its first motorcycle, the BMW R 32 in 1923.

BMW became an automobile manufacturer in 1928 when it purchased Fahrzeugfabrik Eisenach, which, at the time, built the Austin 7 under licence from Dixi. The first car sold as a BMW was a rebadged BMW Dixi called the BMW 3/15, following BMW's acquisition of the car manufacturer Automobilwerk Eisenach. Throughout the 1930s, BMW expanded its range into sports cars and larger luxury cars.

Aircraft engines, motorcycles, and automobiles would be BMW's main products until World War II. During the war, BMW concentrated on the BMW 801 aircraft engine using as many as 40,000 slave laborers. These consisted primarily of prisoners from Nazi concentration camps, most prominently Dachau. Motorcycles remained as a side-line and automobile manufacture ceased altogether.

The 1962 introduction of the BMW New Class compact sedans was the beginning of BMW's reputation as a leading manufacturer of sport-oriented cars. Throughout the 1960s, BMW expanded its range by adding coupé and luxury sedan models. The BMW 5 Series mid-size sedan range was introduced in 1972, followed by the BMW 3 Series compact sedans in 1975, the BMW 6 Series luxury coupés in 1976 and the BMW 7 Series large luxury sedans in 1978.

The BMW M division released its first road car, a mid-engine supercar, in 1978. This was followed by the BMW M5 in 1984 and the BMW M3 in 1986. Also in 1986, BMW introduced its first V12 engine in the 750i luxury sedan.

The company purchased the Rover Group in 1994, however the takeover was not successful and was causing BMW large financial losses. In 2000, BMW sold off most of the Rover brands, retaining only the Mini brand.

In 1998, BMW also acquired the rights to the Rolls-Royce brand from Vickers Plc. The 1995 BMW Z3 expanded the line-up to include a mass-production two-seat roadster and the 1999 BMW X5 was the company's entry into the SUV market.The first modern mass-produced turbocharged petrol engine was introduced in 2006, (from 1973 to 1975, BMW built 1,672 units of a turbocharged BMW M10 engine for the BMW 02 Series),with most engines switching over to turbocharging over the 2010s. The first hybrid BMW was the 2010 BMW ActiveHybrid 7, and BMW's first mass-production electric car was the BMW i3 city car, which was released in 2013, (from 1968 to 1972, BMW built two battery-electric BMW 1602 Elektro saloons for the 1972 Olympic Games).After many years of establishing a reputation for sporting rear-wheel drive cars, BMW's first front-wheel drive car was the 2014 BMW 2 Series Active Tourer multi-purpose vehicle (MPV).

21st century

In January 2021 BMW announced that its sales in 2020 fell by 8.4 percent due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the restrictions. However, in the fourth quarter of 2020, BMW witnessed a rise of 3.2% in its customers' demands. BMW and Toyota aim to sell jointly-developed hydrogen fuel cell vehicles as soon as 2025.

In autumn 2023, BMW announced that it would invest £600m in the Mini plant in Cowley to increase production of electric cars. The plant employs 3,400 staff and produces up to 1,000 Mini per day. The investment is to help produce two new electric Mini models: the 3-door Mini Cooper and the electric Mini+ Aceman. The company will produce around 200,000 cars a year in the medium term, conventional cars and electric cars will be produced on the same line.

A SWEET DELIGHT-CINNAMON ROLLS

 BY MICHAEL TRIPOLITSIOTIS C'5

A cinnamon roll also known as cinnamon bun, cinnamon swirl, cinnamon snail and cinnamon Danish is a sweet roll commonly served in Northern Europe mainly in Nordic countries and in Austria and Germany and also in North America . In Sweden it is called kanelbule , in Denmark it is known as kanelsnegl, in Norway it is known as skillingsbolle.

INGREDIENTS

1.    WHOLE MILK                                    

2.    SALT

3.    BUTTER

4.    EGG

5.    YEAST

6.    A LOT OF CINNAMON

7.    BROWN SUGAR

8.    SUGAR

9.    FLOUR

 

The first step is to mix your dry ingredients together in a big bowl and this includes the flour, sugar, and salt. After that, warm the milk and butter together, and then whisk in the yeast until it has dissolved. Then you know it can start working its magic in your dough!

Pour this mixture over the dry ingredients, add the egg and then mix everything together. You do not need a stand mixer for this recipe, though you could certainly use one if desired. Transfer dough to your work surface, and then knead by hand for 3 minutes until a soft dough forms.

Let the dough rest for 10 minutes as you prepare the filling—this gives the dough’s gluten a chance to settle and relax, which will make rolling out much easier.

 

Ingredient Filling

·         Butter: Use super-soft butter for the filling—not too hard, not too melty. If the butter is too hard, it won’t be easy to spread it evenly over the soft dough. If it’s too melty, it will seep into the dough, and we don’t want that either. Butter that’s had time to soften to room temperature should be just right. If you forgot to get it out of the fridge earlier, here’s my trick for how to soften butter quickly.

·         Brown Sugar: Using brown sugar in the filling gives these cinnamon rolls an extra-delicious depth of flavor.

·         Cinnamon: You can’t have cinnamon rolls without it!

 

Roll out the dough and then top with softened butter and the brown sugar & cinnamon mixture.

Roll up the dough and then use your sharpest knife to cut into 10-12 rolls.